Simply, this effect refers to the polarity produced in a molecule as a result of higher electro negativity of one atom compared to another. It involved sigma electron. The sigma electron which forms a covalent bond are shared equally between two atoms. This is because different atoms have different electro negativity displaced toward more electronegative atom. Generally, inductive effect introduces polarity in the bond. Atom being more electronegative pulls the electron toward itself and acquires a negative charge in it whereas the next atom acquires the positive charge.

Atoms or groups which lose electron towards carbon atom are said to have a +I effect. Such groups are electron releasing group.

Atoms or groups which draws electron away from a carbon atoms are said to have -I effect. Such group are electron releasing group.

#Imductiveeffect #+Ieffect #-Ieffect